27.2.2024

Mergers and Acquisitions: ESG Due Diligence requires legal expertise

Nowadays, a successful company must have a strategic approach to sustainability work, accounting for the special characteristics of the company’s business. In the coming years, sustainability will permeate the strategy, business practices and value chains of companies, which are required to increase their efforts to mitigate their adverse environmental and human rights impacts.

A failure in sustainable transition or in meeting the stakeholders’ and investors’ expectations can have long-term consequences for the company. This means that sustainability cannot be ignored in mergers and acquisitions either. ESG due diligence reviews have become an increasingly important and critical part of M&A in recent years.

Sustainability is deemed to be one of the factors contributing to the success of modern business operations and ensuring the continuity of operations, and it is therefore strongly linked to the company’s value creation. In its most concrete form, ESG work means that practical tasks are carried out in accordance with the company’s policies and instructions. ESG due diligence reviews (ESGDD) dive into the practical aspects and maturity level of the company’s sustainability work by assessing ESG-related risks and possibilities.

There are different options for carrying out an ESGDD review. At the same time as the European regulatory framework of corporate sustainability is taking shape at a rapid pace, ESGDD reviews are becoming an essential part of the entire legal due diligence.

ESGDD requires legal expertise

In the everyday life of companies, sustainability is strongly connected with compliance, and in M&A situations the parties seek a legal point of view for handling compliance matters. The observations of a ESG due diligence review may become significant for the completion of an M&A transaction and for its terms and conditions, which means that a due diligence review increasingly adds elements to the purchase agreement and M&A insurances.

The risks observed in ESGDD are often legal questions that are related to various areas, such as environmental law, occupational safety or employment law. As the observations are associated with great financial and legal risks, going through them requires considerations by specialists who are familiar with the field and have deep legal expertise. For example, questions related to environmental permits and environmental liability require the perspective of an experienced environmental lawyer.

ESG due diligence and legal due diligence work have clear synergies because both use the same material in many respects. Even though sustainability reporting in accordance with the new directive ensures that companies report their sustainability using figures assured by auditors, ESGDD is much more than just assuring figures to be reported as it delves deeper into the company’s practical sustainability work and risk management.

Successful ESGDD supports the company’s strategy

A word of advice: even an experienced compliance expert carrying out ESG due diligence work must understand the practical sustainability work. In an ideal situation, a high-quality due diligence review strengthens understanding of ESG questions as part of other compliance work. Companies benefit most from DD that finds common points with the company’s sustainability targets and its strategy because, in addition to the usual deal breakers, a due diligence review provides information on what kinds of investments the object of purchase will require in the coming years. That is why companies should choose an ESGDD partner with extensive knowledge of M&A, sustainability as well as compliance work.

See also:

Anna Kuusniemi-Laine and Lia Heasman to expand C&S’s corporate sustainability service

Corporate sustainability will extend to value chains – four tips for implementing due diligence duty

Case law will ultimately clarify the interpretation of the new CSDD Directive

Latest references

We advised Foundation Clinic in connection with its funding round backed by a group of prominent Finnish technology entrepreneurs and investors, including founders behind Supercell and Wolt. Foundation Clinic is a Finnish healthcare company developing a new approach to private healthcare focused on preventive, data-driven and continuous care. The company aims to combine comprehensive health data with ongoing medical care to identify and address health risks at an early stage.
Case published 29.10.2026
We acted as legal adviser to Banyan Software on its acquisition of Carus Ferry, a Finland-based provider of reservation, check-in and port operations software for ferry and passenger shipping operators. The acquisition further strengthens Banyan Software’s presence in the Nordic region while providing Carus with a long-term partner to support its continued growth and development. Carus was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Mariehamn on the Åland Islands, Finland. The company develops mission-critical software for ferry, cruise and passenger shipping operators, covering the full passenger journey from booking and ticketing to capacity management, check-in and boarding. Carus also provides port automation, onboard sales systems and business information tools. The company serves approximately 30 operators across four continents and is the largest vendor by customer count in ferry reservation and departure control. Banyan Software is an acquirer and long-term operator of mission-critical software businesses serving specialised industries. Founded in 2016, Banyan follows a buy-and-hold-for-life approach and supports the long-term growth and development of its portfolio companies. Banyan operates more than 130 portfolio companies across North and South America, the United Kingdom, Europe and APAC. Following the acquisition of Carus, Banyan operates three businesses in the Nordic region.
Case published 20.10.2026
We advised Move Energy as an investor in connection with the combination of 3North Partners Plc and Steady Energy Oy and the related private placement and initial public offering of the combined company on Nasdaq First North Growth Market Finland. In connection with the transaction, 3North Partners received approximately EUR 69.8 million in investor commitments from a group of institutional and other investors, including Move Energy, to fund the combined company. Steady Energy is a Finnish nuclear technology company developing a new generation of small modular reactors (SMRs) particularly suited for district heating. Its LDR-50 reactor is designed to provide cities and utilities with a scalable and low-carbon alternative to combustion-based heat production.
Case published 19.10.2026
We advised Jolt Capital and Tesi in connection with their investment in VEV, a leading provider of commercial fleet electrification solutions. The investment, led by Jolt Capital with Tesi as co-investor, will support VEV’s next phase of growth and expansion across Europe. As part of the transaction, VEV became an independent company following the acquisition of Vitol’s stake in the business. Founded by Vitol, VEV provides integrated fleet electrification solutions combining fleet strategy, charging infrastructure, energy supply and operational services. Through its VEV IQ platform, the company supports more than 6,000 commercial electric vehicles across Europe and has been deployed across more than 600 sites spanning the transport, logistics and waste sectors. Jolt Capital is a private equity firm focused on growth investments in European deeptech companies. Tesi is a Finnish state-owned investment company that promotes Finnish business and economic growth through investments. We advised Jolt Capital and Tesi on the equity financing and structuring aspects of the transaction. International law firm Goodwin advised the investors on the acquisition of VEV.
Case published 10.9.2026